Brian S. Wills interviews D.W. Brooks. Topics include Brooks’ influences on how he runs Gold Kist, the human element of business, civil rights and the co-ops, and integration in the church and Gold Kist.
Ernest Vandiver interviewed by Mel Steeley and Ted Fitzsimmons of West Georgia College. Topics include Herman Talmadge, the salary and perks of being governor, Vandiver's management Talmadge’s 1948 campaign for governor, desegregation, selecting…
Carl Sanders interviewed by Hal Henderson. Sanders served as governor of Georgia from 1963 to 1967. Topics include the failures and accomplishments of Vandiver’s administrations, Vandiver's “No, not one” segregationist motto, Vandiver’s…
Ernest Vandiver interviewed by Hal Henderson. Topics include segregation issue, Carl Sanders' pseudo-run for Senate against Russell, Roy Harris, supporting the Kennedy-Johnson ticket, Martin Luther King, Jr., being put in jail and Vandiver’s…
Griffin Bell interviewed by Hal Henderson. Bell is a lawyer who served as attorney general of the United States from 1977 to 1979. In this interview, topics include Bell's relationship with Vandiver before he became governor, Vandiver's “No, not one”…
Ernest Freeman Leverett interviewed by Hal Henderson. Leverett served as assistant attorney general of Georgia from 1955 to 1959. In this interview, topics include Freeman's position in Vandiver’s administration and his relationship with Vandiver,…
Homer Meade Rankin interviewed by Hal Henderson. Rankin was the editor and publisher of the Daily Tifton Gazette (c. 1959-1963) and president of the Georgia Press Association. He also served in the Georgia general assembly in the early 1960s. In this…
Betty Vandiver interviewed by Hal Henderson. Vandiver is the wife of Ernest Vandiver and served as First Lady of Georgia from 1959 to 1963. Topics in this interview include Ernest Vandiver's “No, not one” speech, Senator Russell's support for…
William Bowdoin interviewed by Hal Henderson. Bowdoin was president of the Trust Company of Georgia Associates, supervisor of the Purchases Department in the Vandiver administration, and chairman of the state Ports Authority. In this interview,…
James Owen interviewed by Hal Henderson. Topics include Vandiver’s accomplishments, the desegregation of the University of Georgia, and Vandiver’s style and personality.
George Smith interviewed by Hal Henderson. Topics include Marvin Griffin’s administration, the beginnings of Smith's friendship with Vandiver, Vandiver and the legislature, the Honesty in Government Act, the Sibley Commission, Vandiver’s handling of…
George Busbee interviewed by Hal Henderson. Topics include his impression of Marvin Griffin’s administration, the relationship between Griffin and Vandiver, and the Sibley Commission.
Robert C. Norman interviewed by Hal Henderson. Topics include Norman's first meeting Vandiver, attending UGA and law school with Vandiver, supporting Vandiver in 1954, the relationship between Marvin Griffin and Ernest Vandiver, the Sibley Commission…
William L. Lanier interviewed by Hal Henderson. Topics include meeting Vandiver in 1948, Vandiver's opponents in the 1954 lieutenant governor race, the Griffin administration’s integrity, the 1958 governor’s race, Vandiver's “No, not one” speech, the…
David C. Jones interviewed by Hal Henderson. Topics include Jones' first meeting Vandiver, John Greer, Griffin’s administration, the relationship between Griffin and Vandiver, the rural road issue, Vandiver's “No, not one” speech, Vandiver’s…
Robert H. Hall interviewed by Hal Henderson. Topics include Hall's introduction to Vandiver, the relationship between Marvin Griffin and Vandiver, Vandiver's “No, not one” speech, Vandiver’s administration, corruption in Griffin administration, the…
Dr. Walter Allen, Sr. grew up in Allendale, South Carolina where he learned how to play the trumpet in his high school band. He began his music career as a teenager by playing in a variety of bands, including the military band during his service in…
Jim Grimsley was born in 1955 in North Carolina. He worked as a playwright for 7 Stages Theater for over 20 years and has written numerous semi-autobiographical novels including Winter Birds and Dream Boy. He is a Professor of Practice in the English…
Dean Rusk discusses the Civil Rights movement, including State Department integration, the effects on immigration and foreign policy, the government agencies' attitudes toward integration, and integration and segregation in Rusk’s experiences at…
Leroy Reginald Johnson was born in Atlanta, Georgia on July 28, 1928. He attended Morehouse College, worked in the Fulton County Solicitor-General’s office, and served as a Georgia senator from 1963-1975, becoming the first black legislator in the…
Linda Fuller Degelmann was born in Birmingham, Alabama in 1941. While in her thirties, Degelmann moved to Americus, Georgia with her husband Millard Fuller and their three children. While in Americus, Degelmann lived on Koinonia Farms before she…
Reverend Charlie Cook was born in Greer, South Carolina. As a child, Cook’s family moved around the southeast, which resulted in Cook’s exposure to different churches. Cook preached as a pastor at Wilson Presbyterian Church, Washington Presbyterian…
Emogene Williams talks with her daughter Avis about her early life and family, growing up during the Great Depression in Covington, Georgia. She talks about what life was like for African Americans in rural Georgia, describing her memories of the KKK…
Content Warning: This interview includes details of war, death, and suicide. Conulus Scott was born in Madison County, Georgia in 1920. He farmed and worked at a sugar mill before being drafted by the military in 1942. He served in the Medical Corps…
Bennie McKinley was born in Athens, Georgia in 1945 and grew up in segregated neighborhoods in Athens. She attended Reese Street School and Athens High and Industrial School. In this interview, she discusses her early experiences with segregation,…
Archibald Killian was born in Athens, GA in 1933. He studied at the Burdett School of Business in Boston, and served as a police officer overseas in the U.S. Air Force. In this interview, Killian discusses the process of desegregation of the…
Hattie Heflin was born in Oglethorpe County, Georgia in 1954. She grew up on a family farm in Comer, Georgia as one of eleven children. Heflin’s family moved to Athens while she was in the fourth grade. She came to attend the then recently-integrated…
Linda Davis was born and raised in the Brooklyn Community of Athens, Georgia. She is president of the Bethlehem Cemetery Society and has been honored by The Athens-Clarke Heritage Foundation. In this interview, Davis details her experience growing up…
Harry Sims grew up in Athens, Georgia and received a Bachelor’s degree from the University of Georgia. He taught at David C. Barrow Elementary before retiring and served as Athens City Commissioner before running for mayor. In this interview, Sims…
Bennie Roberson was born in Athens in 1947 where he attended Union Baptist Institute and, upon its completion, Lyons Middle School. In this interview, he recalls historically significant areas such as The Bottom, East Athens, and Hot Corner and…
Thomas Griffith was born in Madison County and moved with his family to Athens as a young teen. Throughout the interview, he stresses the importance of his mother’s Christian faith in instilling strong morals in him and his brothers and her…
Bennie Lee Coleman III was born and raised in Athens, Georgia. He grew up with a single mother, his aunt and his grandmother in a little house on Oconee Street. In this interview Coleman shares how his values were shaped by listening to the advice…
Donarell R. Green III was born in Atlanta, Georgia in 1946. His family moved to Athens shortly after his birth to start a medical practice for Black Athenians. In this interview he remembers the Susan Medical Center, growing up as the son of a…
Julia Jones was born and raised in Athens, Georgia. She attended West Broad street School and Athens High and Industrial School before furthering her education at Albany State University. In this interview, Jones reflects on her childhood and…
Michael Middlebrooks was born in Athens, Georgia in 1956 and lived there for the majority of his life. He attended the University of Georgia and later worked for Georgia Power for 40 years. In this interview, Middlebrooks recalls his upbringing, the…
James Deadwyler was born and raised in rural Winterville, GA, just outside of Athens. His parents passed when he was young and he was forced to drop out of school to make a living. In this interview, he describes his professional career working with…
Fannie Smith was born in Oglethorpe County, GA and, as a child, moved with her family to Athens, GA, where she remained the rest of her life. In this interview she talks about integrating Clarke County schools, working through high school and…
Marion Stroud was born and raised in Athens, Georgia. He attended Union Baptist Institute and Athens High and Industrial School before receiving a football scholarship to Allen University. While in college, Stroud served in the U.S. Air Force in…
James Sims, Jr. was born and raised in rural Oglethorpe County, GA, attended secondary school in Athens, GA, and spent his adult life in Augusta and Atlanta. He is the eldest of six children, in a family of community leaders and groundbreakers. In…
Wilucia Green is the second youngest of Dr. Donarell R. Green Jr.’s six children. Wilucia and her sister were two of the five Black children to integrate Athens Clarke County Public Schools in 1963. In this interview she talks about the process of…
Marjorie Green Turner is the youngest daughter of Donarell R. Green Jr., a notable doctor for Black women in Athens, Georgia. Marjorie and her sister were some of the first Black children to integrate local public schools. In this interview she…
Larry Green was born and raised in Athens, Georgia. He attended West Broad street School, Lying Junior High, Burney Harris High School, and Clarke Central High School before furthering his education at Albany Technical School and DeVry University. In…
Randy Watkins was born and raised in Athens, Georgia. He is the current Director of Sales and Operations of More than Blinds as well as an umpire and an officiator of various different sports. In this interview, Watkins talks about the racial divide…
James Russell Smith was born in 1941 and moved to Athens as a child. He currently leads The Athens Voices of Truth choir, and has done so since it was organized in 1979. In this interview he discusses his upbringing as the son of a sharecropper, his…
Melvin Stroud was born and raised in Athens and has worked in the city for decades. Stroud attended Union Baptist Institute and Athens High and Industrial before furthering his education at Fort Valley State University. In this interview, Stroud…
Aurelia Scott was born and raised in Linden, New Jersey before moving to Athens, Georgia. Scott has devoted her life to being an educator and an active member of her community. In this interview, Scott discusses her childhood in New Jersey, her…
Barbara Barnett is an active member of the community who has dedicated her life to working with the youth. Barnett has served as a Program Director of Rites of Passage, an organization focused on empowering Black youth through Black history…
Charles Stroud was born in Athens in 1939 to a tight-knit community. Stroud describes many of the neighborhood figures of his childhood as cousins, uncles, or aunts, even if they weren’t related by blood. Stroud was an educator in Macon and Athens…
Horace Edward King was born in March 1953 and grew up on Henderson Extension in Athens. King went to West Broad Elementary School, Burney-Harris High School, and Athens High and Industrial School which was integrated during his senior year. King…
Mary Inez McKinney was born in May 1939 in Athens. She attended West Broad Street Elementary School, Reese Street Middle School, and Athens High and Industrial School. In this Interview, she discusses her experience growing up in Athens and getting…
Odella Thompson was born in Athens, Georgia in 1942. She attended West Broad School, Reese Street School, and graduated from Athens High and Industrial School. She received a degree in English from Oakwood College. In this interview, Thompson…
Johnny Hutchens was born in 1938 in the Normaltown neighborhood of Athens. He attended segregated schools throughout his youth before starting his career in automotive body repairs and then eventually as a janitor for the University of Georgia.…
Lamar Robinson was born in 1941 in Athens, Georgia. He received his education in the Clarke County School District and graduated from Athens Technical College. Throughout this interview, Robinson focuses on Athens, talking about Hot Corner,…
Raymond Winfrey was born to a large family in Clarke County in 1951. He was raised there, and spent time on the family farm throughout his youth and attended the segregated schools Lyons Elementary School and Burney Harris High School. He was…
Deloris Hester was born in Athens, Georgia in 1947. She went to West Broad Elementary and Lyons Middle School before attending Athens High and Industrial School. After graduating high school she worked as a nurse at Athens General Hospital and…
Joe Lewis Marshall was born in Washington, Georgia in 1937 and moved to Athens as a child. He attended East Athens Elementary School and Athens High and Industrial before dropping out to work full-time. He worked briefly at the NuGrape/Budwine…
Dr. James Washington, Jr. was born in 1950 in Perry, Florida, and was raised there throughout his early education. This first part of his interview provides a look into segregated Florida and his lived experience of Jim Crow and racism in the South.…
Evelyn Barrow was born in Athens in 1947 and has spent her life there. She grew up in Newtown, graduated from Burney-Harris High School in 1965, and spent 33 years working at Hope Haven before moving to her current position of driving buses. In this…
John Barrow was born in Athens, Georgia in 1946 and was raised on Waddell Street. He graduated from Alabama State College with a degree in business administration before returning to Athens and starting his own business, Barrow Stone and Masonry. In…
Deborah Weaver was born in Athens, Georgia in 1952. She graduated from Athens High School in 1970 and worked in the medical field until getting a job with Delta Air Lines in 1977. In this interview she discusses her childhood, her early education at…
Willie G. Pope was born in 1947 and grew up just outside of Athens in Watkinsville, Georgia. He attended the segregated E.D. Stroud School, before moving to Athens High and Industrial after seventh grade, where he graduated the same year the school…
Larry Johnson was born in Athens in 1951 and grew up in Rocksprings Homes. After graduating from Burney-Harris High School, he enlisted in the U.S Navy and went on to have a career in human resources before becoming a minister. In this interview he…
Kenneth Little was born in 1955 and grew up in Athens. In this interview, Little talks about his time at East Athens School, Hilsman Middle, and Clarke Central High School in the early 1970s, including topics of segregation, integration, racism, and…
Patricia Huff was born in 1948 in Athens, Georgia. She was raised in the Reese Street community and attended Reese Street Elementary and North Athens Elementary. She then went to Athens High and Industrial / Burney-Harris High School, before…
Scott Killian was born in 1955 in Athens and grew up in the Morristown neighborhood of Athens and in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In 1963, Killian was the first person to integrate Chase Street Elementary School and was one of the first five Black…
Harrison Dowdy was born in 1947 and was raised in Madison County, Georgia. He attended Wagner Grove Church School and Southside High School in Comer, Georgia before attending technical school. He then joined the Air Force as a machinist during the…
Phyllis Drayton was born in Athens, Georgia in 1956, and raised in the East Side neighborhood. In this interview she discusses her childhood on the East Side, her family, and her experiences in segregated and integrated schools. She also talks about…
Walter Allen, Sr. grew up in Allendale, South Carolina, in the era of Jim Crow. The area was a close knit farming community, and Allen recalls learning principles of responsibility and discipline from his parents, neighbors, and teachers at Allendale…
Stuart "Terry" Chapin III was the president of the Ecological Society of America from 2010-2011, and has taught at both the University of Alaska and the University of California, Berkley. In his interview, he talks about his work with the Peace Corps…
Jimmy Jones was born in 1936 in Henry County, Georgia. Upon moving to Spalding County, Georgia at an early age, Jones attended Broad Street Elementary School. Jones lived through the desegregation of Fairmont High School and later became involved in…
Johnny Goodrum was born in Griffin-Spalding County in Georgia during the years of segregation. As a child, Goodrum attended multiple schools in the area including Broad Street School, Cabin Creek Elementary and Fairmont High School. Goodrum later…
Jean Walker-Harps was born in 1939 and grew up on a farm in Glenville, Georgia. She attended Morris-Brown College and in 1961, she moved to Griffin, Georgia where she worked as a teacher at Fairmont High School. During the Civil Rights Movement,…
Tommy Lee Harps grew up on a farm in Griffin, Georgia. As a child, Harps worked at the Georgia Experiment Station along with his father under Dr. H.P. Stuckley, during which he attended Mount Pleasant Church School and later Vocational High School.…
Robert Dull was born in Dearborn, Michigan, though his family moved around many times along the west coast throughout his childhood. Dull worked in public housing administration for many big cities before he eventually became the CEO of the Griffin…
JoAnne Phinazee was born in Griffin, Georgia in 1943. Phinazee grew up during segregation where she attended Annie Shockley Grade School and later Negro Vocational High School. As an adult, Phinazee worked at Pomona Products. In this interview,…
Freddie Phillips was born in Spalding County in 1938. As a child, Phillips attended Anne Shockley grade school and later Fairmont High School where he was a member of the marching band and basketball team. Phillips was active in the Civil Rights…
Robert Dull works at the Griffin Housing Authority as the Chief Executive Officer. In this interview, Robert Dull discusses his work in the Fairmont community through the Griffin Housing Authority, as well as the effect of segregation and poverty on…
Born in 1940, Haskell Ward grew up in the segregated Griffin, Georgia. Throughout his childhood, Ward was encouraged by peers and friends to attain an education. Ward has held a multitude of positions throughout his life including working as Peace…
Gail Reid Hackbart grew up in Griffin, Georgia as the daughter of Gary Reid, a prominent Civil Rights activist in Georgia. Gail attended Georgia Tech, where she started the Alpha Kappa Alpha chapter and participated in marches over the unfair…
Cheryl Head Rashied and Raymond Head III were born in Griffin, Georgia in 1948 and 1950, respectively. Cheryl and Raymond are the children of civil rights activist Raymond Head Jr., and experienced first-hand the effects of discrimination on the…
Charlotte Eady was born in Blackshear, Georgia, and grew up during mandatory integration, being one of first three African American students at her high school. Eady works as an associate professor of education leadership at Jacksonville State…
Harvey Pilkenton grew up in rural Griffin, Georgia in the 1950’s during desegregation. Pilkenton currently works with the Griffin Housing Authority. In this interview, Pilkenton talks about his experiences during desegregation, his family, and his…
Samuel McCray was born in 1949 near Lambert. He was raised by his grandparents who were sharecroppers on a plantation. He attended Delta State University and he worked for various nonprofits before becoming a Field Representative and Caseworker in…
Shirley Sherrod was born and raised in Baker County, Georgia. She was formerly the Georgia State Director of Rural Development for the United States Department of Agriculture. Sherrod married Charles Sherrod and built New Communities, Inc. alongside…
Tommy Coleman was born in 1948 in Albany, Georgia. He served as the Mayor of Albany for ten years and continues to practice law in South Georgia. In this interview, Coleman discusses his role in Albany politics and the various tensions that were…
Reverend James Williams is the Church Historian for Mount Pleasant Baptist Church. He grew up in El Paso, Texas before moving to Elbert County, Georgia at age ten. In this interview, he focuses on his education. He compares his integrated school in…
Reverend James Williams is the Church Historian for Mount Pleasant Baptist Church. He grew up in El Paso, Texas before moving to Elbert County, Georgia at age ten. In this follow-up interview, he focuses on his time at the University of Georgia. He…
